16.4 Letter and word spacing: the 'letter-spacing' and 'word-spacing' properties

Chapter 16 - Text - 16.4 Letter and word spacing: the 'letter-spacing' and 'word-spacing' properties

Go to the relevant page of the specification.

allowed-page-breaks-005 (paged)
Allowed Page Breaks - Between Blocks
Page breaks can occur between block boxes.
allowed-page-breaks-006 (paged)
Allowed Page Breaks - Between Line Boxes
Page breaks can occur between line boxes.
allowed-page-breaks-007a (paged)
Allowed Page Breaks - Between Line Box and Content Edge
Page breaks can occur between the content edge of a block box and the outer edges of its child line boxes.
allowed-page-breaks-007b (paged)
Allowed Page Breaks - Between Block-level Box and Content Edge
Page breaks can occur between the content edge of a block box and the outer edges of its child block-level boxes.
c541-word-sp-000 (ahem)
word-spacing
c541-word-sp-001 (ahem)
word-spacing
c542-letter-sp-000 (ahem)
letter-spacing
c542-letter-sp-001 (ahem)
letter-spacing
control-characters-002
Control Characters
Handling and processing of control characters.
letter-spacing-004 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using pixels with a negative zero value, -0px
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in pixels.
letter-spacing-005 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using pixels with a zero value, 0px
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in pixels.
letter-spacing-006 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using pixels with a positive zero value, +0px
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in pixels.
letter-spacing-007 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using pixels with a nominal value, 96px
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in pixels.
letter-spacing-008 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using pixels with a nominal value with a plus sign, +96px
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in pixels with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-016 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using points with a negative zero value, -0pt
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in points.
letter-spacing-017 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using points with a zero value, 0pt
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in points.
letter-spacing-018 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using points with a positive zero value, +0pt
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in points.
letter-spacing-019 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using points with a nominal value, 72pt
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in points.
letter-spacing-020 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using points with a nominal value with a plus sign, +72pt
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in points with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-028 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using picas with a negative zero value, -0pc
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in picas.
letter-spacing-029 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using picas with a zero value, 0pc
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in picas.
letter-spacing-030 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using picas with a positive zero value, +0pc
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in picas.
letter-spacing-031 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using picas with a nominal value, 6pc
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in picas.
letter-spacing-032 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using picas with a nominal value with a plus sign, +6pc
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in picas with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-040 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using centimeters with a negative zero value, -0cm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in centimeters.
letter-spacing-041 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using centimeters with a zero value, 0cm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in centimeters.
letter-spacing-042 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using centimeters with a positive zero value, +0cm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in centimeters.
letter-spacing-043 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using centimeters with a nominal value, 2.54cm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in centimeters.
letter-spacing-044 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using centimeters with a nominal value with a plus sign, +2.54cm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in centimeters with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-052 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using millimeters with a negative zero value, -0mm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in millimeters.
letter-spacing-053 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using millimeters with a zero value, 0mm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in millimeters.
letter-spacing-054 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using millimeters with a positive zero value, +0mm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in millimeters.
letter-spacing-055 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using millimeters with a nominal value, 25.4mm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in millimeters.
letter-spacing-056 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using millimeters with a nominal value with a plus sign, +25.4mm
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in millimeters with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-064 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using inches with a negative zero value, -0in
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in inches.
letter-spacing-065 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using inches with a zero value, 0in
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in inches.
letter-spacing-066 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using inches with a positive zero value, +0in
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in inches.
letter-spacing-067 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using inches with a nominal value, 1in
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in inches.
letter-spacing-068 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using inches with a nominal value with a plus sign, +1in
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in inches with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-076 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'em' units with a negative zero value, -0em
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in 'em' units.
letter-spacing-077 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'em' units with a zero value, 0em
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in 'em' units.
letter-spacing-078 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'em' units with a positive zero value, +0em
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in 'em' units.
letter-spacing-079 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'em' units with a nominal value, 6em
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in 'em' units.
letter-spacing-080 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'em' units with a nominal value with a plus sign, +6em
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in 'em' units with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-088 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'ex' units with a negative zero value, -0ex
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in 'ex' units.
letter-spacing-089 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'ex' units with a zero value, 0ex
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value in 'ex' units.
letter-spacing-090 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'ex' units with a positive zero value, +0ex
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in 'ex' units.
letter-spacing-091 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'ex' units with a nominal value, 12ex
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in 'ex' units.
letter-spacing-092 (ahem)
Letter-spacing using 'ex' units with a nominal value with a plus sign, +12ex
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a nominal length value in 'ex' units with a plus sign.
letter-spacing-097 (ahem)
Letter-spacing sets a negative zero value with no units, -0
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value with no units.
letter-spacing-098 (ahem)
Letter-spacing sets a zero value with no units, 0
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a zero length value with no units.
letter-spacing-099 (ahem)
Letter-spacing sets a positive zero value with no units, +0
The 'letter-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value with no units.
letter-spacing-100 (ahem)
Letter-spacing set to 'normal'
The 'letter-spacing' property set to 'normal' sets the typical spacing for letters based on the font.
letter-spacing-101 (ahem)
Letter-spacing set to 'inherit'
The 'letter-spacing' set to 'inherit' uses its parents' value for the spacing of letters.
letter-spacing-102 (dom)
Dynamic letter-spacing changes
letter-spacing-applies-to-001 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: inline' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: inline' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-002 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: block' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: block' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-003 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: list-item' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: list-item' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-005 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: inline-block' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: inline-block' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-006 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-007 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: inline-table' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: inline-table' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-008 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-row-group' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table-row-group' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-009 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-header-group' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table-header-group' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-010 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-footer-group' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table-footer-group' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-011 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-row' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table-row' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-012 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-column-group' element
The 'letter-spacing' property does not apply to 'display: table-column-group' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-013 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-column' element
The 'letter-spacing' property does not apply to 'display: table-column' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-014 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-cell' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table-cell' elements.
letter-spacing-applies-to-015 (ahem)
Letter-spacing application on a 'display: table-caption' element
The 'letter-spacing' property is applied to 'display: table-caption' elements.
letter-spacing-justify-001 (ahem)
Letter-spacing and 'text-align: justify'
The letter-spacing is not changed when combined with 'text-align: justify'.
page-break-inside-005 (paged)
page-break-inside inheritance
'page-break-inside' does not inherit.
page-break-margins-001 (may, paged)
Margin at the start of document
The UA may preserve the margin after a forced page break.
word-spacing-004 (ahem)
Word-spacing using pixels with a negative zero value, -0px
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in pixels.
word-spacing-005 (ahem)
Word-spacing using pixels with a zero value, 0px
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in pixels.
word-spacing-006 (ahem)
Word-spacing using pixels with a positive zero value, +0px
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in pixels.
word-spacing-007 (ahem)
Word-spacing normal pixel on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 96px adds 96px (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-008 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal pixel on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +96px adds 96px (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-016 (ahem)
Word-spacing using points with a negative zero value, -0pt
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in points.
word-spacing-017 (ahem)
Word-spacing using points with a zero value, 0pt
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in points.
word-spacing-018 (ahem)
Word-spacing using points with a positive zero value, +0pt
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in points.
word-spacing-019 (ahem)
Word-spacing set to a nominal value of '72pt'
Ensure that letter-spacing 72pt adds 72pt (in addition to default spacing) between letters in the element.
word-spacing-020 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal pt on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +72pt adds +72 points (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-028 (ahem)
Word-spacing using picas with a negative zero value, -0pc
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in picas.
word-spacing-029 (ahem)
Word-spacing using picas with a zero value, 0pc
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in picas.
word-spacing-030 (ahem)
Word-spacing using picas with a positive zero value, +0pc
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in picas.
word-spacing-031 (ahem)
Word-spacing normal pc on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 6pc adds 6pc (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-032 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal pc on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +6pc adds 6pc (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-040 (ahem)
Word-spacing using centimeters with a negative zero value, -0cm
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in centimeters.
word-spacing-041 (ahem)
Word-spacing using centimeters with a zero value, 0cm
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in centimeters.
word-spacing-042 (ahem)
Word-spacing using centimeters with a positive zero value, +0cm
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in centimeters.
word-spacing-043 (ahem)
Word-spacing normal cm on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 2.54cm adds 2.54cm (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-044 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal cm on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +2.54cm adds 2.54cm (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-052 (ahem)
Word-spacing using millimeters with a negative zero value, -0mm
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in millimeters.
word-spacing-053 (ahem)
Word-spacing using millimeters with a zero value, 0mm
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in millimeters.
word-spacing-054 (ahem)
Word-spacing using millimeters with a positive zero value, +0mm
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in millimeters.
word-spacing-055 (ahem)
Word-spacing normal mm on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 25.4mm adds 25.4mm (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-056 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal mm on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +25.4mm adds 25.4mm (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-064 (ahem)
Word-spacing using inches with a negative zero value, -0in
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in inches.
word-spacing-065 (ahem)
Word-spacing using inches with a zero value, 0in
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in inches.
word-spacing-066 (ahem)
Word-spacing using inches with a positive zero value, +0in
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in inches.
word-spacing-067 (ahem)
Word-spacing normal in on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 1in adds 1in (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-068 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal in on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +1in adds 1in (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-076 (ahem)
Word-spacing using 'em' units with a negative zero value, -0em
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in 'em' units.
word-spacing-077 (ahem)
Word-spacing using 'em' units with a zero value, 0em
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in 'em' units.
word-spacing-078 (ahem)
Word-spacing using 'em' units with a positive zero value, +0em
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in 'em' units.
word-spacing-079 (ahem)
Word-spacing normal em on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 6em adds 6em (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-080 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal em on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +6em adds 6em (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-088 (ahem)
Word-spacing using 'ex' units with a negative zero value, -0ex
The 'word-spacing' property sets a negative zero length value in 'ex' units.
word-spacing-089 (ahem)
Word-spacing using 'ex' units with a zero value, 0ex
The 'word-spacing' property sets a zero length value in 'ex' units.
word-spacing-090 (ahem)
Word-spacing using 'ex' units with a positive zero value, +0ex
The 'word-spacing' property sets a positive zero length value in 'ex' units.
word-spacing-091 (ahem)
Word-spacing nominal ex on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 12ex adds 12ex (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-092 (ahem)
Word-spacing +normal ex on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +12ex adds 12ex (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-097 (ahem)
Word-spacing -0 on an element
Ensure that word-spacing -0 adds 0 (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-098 (ahem)
Word-spacing 0 on an element
Ensure that word-spacing 0 adds no extra space (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-099 (ahem)
Word-spacing +0 on an element
Ensure that word-spacing +0 adds no extra space (in addition to default spacing) between words in the element.
word-spacing-100 (ahem)
Word-spacing set to 'normal'
The 'word-spacing' property set to normal does not change spacing between words.
word-spacing-101 (ahem)
Word-spacing inherit on an element
Ensure that word-spacing with inherit uses its parents value for word-spacing.
word-spacing-applies-to-001 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: inline' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: inline' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-002 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: block' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: block' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-003 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: list-item' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: list-item' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-005 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: inline-block' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: inline-block' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-006 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-007 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: inline-table' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: inline-table' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-008 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-row-group' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table-row-group' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-009 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-header-group' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table-header-group' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-010 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-footer-group' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table-footer-group' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-011 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-row' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table-row' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-012 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-column-group' element
The 'word-spacing' property is not applied to 'display: table-column-group' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-013 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-column' element
The 'word-spacing' property is not applied to 'display: table-column' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-014 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-cell' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table-cell' elements.
word-spacing-applies-to-015 (ahem)
Word-spacing application to 'display: table-caption' element
The 'word-spacing' property applies to 'display: table-caption' elements.
word-spacing-characters-001
word-spacing on Flexible Space Characters
Word-spacing affects each space (U+0020) and non-breaking space (U+00A0).
word-spacing-characters-002
word-spacing on Fixed-Width Space Characters
Word-spacing does not affect fixed-width spaces.
word-spacing-characters-003
word-spacing on Zero-Width Characters
Word-spacing does not affect zero-width characters.
word-spacing-justify-001 (ahem)
Word-spacing and 'text-align: justify'
The word spacing is changed when combined with 'text-align: justify'.
word-spacing-remove-space-001 (ahem)
Word-spacing and white space with multiple spaces
The white space processing removes spaces before 'word-spacing' is applied.
word-spacing-remove-space-002 (ahem)
Word-spacing and white space with multiple non-breaking spaces
The white space processing removes non-breaking space before 'word-spacing' is applied.
word-spacing-remove-space-003 (ahem)
Word-spacing and white space with multiple ideographic spaces
The white space processing removes ideographic space before 'word-spacing' is applied.
word-spacing-remove-space-004 (ahem)
Word-spacing and white space with multiple preserved spaces
Any space left after white-space processing model occurs, has word-spacing applied to it.
word-spacing-remove-space-005 (ahem)
Word-spacing and white space with multiple preserved spaces
Any non-breaking space left after white-space processing model occurs, has word-spacing applied to it.
word-spacing-remove-space-006 (ahem)
Word-spacing and white space with multiple preserved spaces
Any ideographic space left after white-space processing model occurs, has word-spacing applied to it.